JinkoSolar Holding Co., Ltd. (JKS) Q3 2023 Earnings Call Transcript

JinkoSolar Holding Co., Ltd. (NYSE:JKS) Q3 2023 Earnings Call Transcript October 30, 2023 8:30 AM ET

Company Participants

Stella Wang - Investor Relations
Li Xiande - Chairman & Chief Executive Officer
Gener Miao - Chief Marketing Officer
Pan Li - Chief Financial Officer
Charlie Cao - Chief Financial Officer

Conference Call Participants

Philip Shen - ROTH MKM
Alan Lau - Jefferies

Operator

Thank you for standing by and welcome to the Third Quarter 2023 JinkoSolar Holding Company Limited Earnings Conference Call. All participants are in listen-only mode. There will be a presentation followed by a question-and-answer session. [Operator Instructions] Please note this conference is being recorded.

I would now like to hand the conference over to Stella Wang of Investor Relations. Please go ahead.

Stella Wang

Thank you, operator. Thank you, everyone, for joining us today for JinkoSolar’s third quarter 2023 earnings conference call. The company's results were released earlier today and available on the company's IR website at www. jinkosolar.com, as well as on Newswire Services. We have also provided a supplemental presentation for today's earnings call which can also be found on the IR website.

On the call today from JinkoSolar are Mr. Li Xiande, Chairman of the Board of Directors and CEO of JinkoSolar Holding Company Limited; Mr. Gener Miao, Chief Marketing Officer of JinkoSolar Company Limited; Mr. Pan Li, Chief Financial Officer of JinkoSolar Holding Company Limited; and Mr. Charlie Cao, Chief Financial Officer of JinkoSolar Company Limited. Mr. Li will discuss the JinkoSolar’s business operations and company highlights, followed by Mr. Miao, who will talk about the sales and marketing, and then Mr. Pan Li, who will go through the financials. They will all be available to answer your questions during the Q&A session that follows.

Please note that today's discussion will contain forward-looking statements made under the safe harbor provisions of the US Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Forward-looking statements involve inherent risks and uncertainties. As such, our future results may be materially different from the views expressed today. Further information regarding this and other risks is included in JinkoSolar's public filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission. JinkoSolar does not assume any obligation to update any forward-looking statements, except as required under the applicable law.

It’s now my pleasure to introduce Mr. Li Xiande, Chairman and CEO of JinkoSolar Holding. Mr. Li will speak in Mandarin and I will translate his comments into English. Please go ahead, Mr. Li.

Li Xiande

[Foreign Language]

We are pleased that we were able to overcome the challenges we faced due to market volatility and deliver a strong third quarter. We did so by leveraging our advantages in N-type TOPCon technology, extensive global operation network and advanced integrated capacity -- capacity structure. And our module shipments, gross margin and net income all increased significantly year-over-year. Total module shipments were up approximately 21.4 gigawatts, an increase of 107.9% year over year. Polysilicon costs decreased sequentially, high efficient N-type products that command a premium account for over 60% of total module shipments. And module shipments to the US markets recorded sequential growth in the third quarter or contributing to improve the profitability. Year-over-year, our net income increased by the 140.7% to $181.4 million and adjusted net income increased by 215.1% to $184.6 million. Diluted earnings per ordinary share increased by 188.7% to $0.63 and the gross margin increased from 15.7% to 19.3%.

[Foreign Language]

Since the third quarter, price declines in the supply chain have stimulated end market demand. For the first nine months, newly added installations of PV in the domestic market reached 128.9 gigawatts, nearly 50% more than the full year installations in 2022. As one of the new three products to bolster China's export, solar has become a new driving force for China's economy and also contributes to global energy transition. Meanwhile intensified competition brought by changes in supply and demand, accelerated technical iteration, high interest rates in some regions and geopolitical tensions caused some volatility in the global PV market which tested all industry players. We believe that, we, as the industry leader, will become even stronger as the competition intensifies. At the end of the third quarter, we became the first module manufacturer in the world to have delivered a total of 190 gigawatts solar modules, covering over 190 countries and regions. Our capabilities in globalized sales, operations and management aided by continuous R&D accumulation and innovation, help us build an all-round competition barrier. We are confident in our ability to navigate through the volatility cycle, achieve healthy and sustainable profitability, and increase our shareholders value.

[Foreign Language]

By the end of the third quarter, the mass-produced efficiency of N-type cell reached 25.6%, and the N-type module power output was 25wp to 30wp higher than similar P-type modules. Demand for these products continued to increase globally as the LCOE is lower. N-type modules still returned a premium over similar P-type modules, and the premium continued to exceed the market's average.

[Foreign Language]

At the end of the third quarter, we already had over 55 gigawatts of N-type cell production capacity. And by the end of this year, N-type cell production capacity is expected to reach about 70 gigawatts, a competitive capacity structure leading the industry. Recently, our integrated projects in Shanxi, China started construction. Phase 1 and Phase 2 for a total of 28 gigawatts wafer cell and module integrated capacity are expected to start production in the first half of 2024. In addition, we are optimistic about the growth potential brought by solar storage parity in the long run and our outer capacity build-up and development of energy storage business are progressing steadily.

[Foreign Language]

Recently, our high-efficiency 182 N-type TOPCon cell set a new record with maximum lab conversion efficiency of 26.89%. Again, creating an important milestone in the innovation of our products and solutions. Thanks to our leadership in driving N-type TOPCon technology, N-type TOPCon products is expected to capture market share greater than 70% in the whole industry, achieving absolute dominance. With higher conversion efficiency, lower industrialization costs, and other advantages, we firmly believe TOPCon technology will remain the mainstream technical path for now and in the future three to five years. We are confident to be ahead of the industry dynamically by about half a year in terms of power output, cost and product competitiveness through continuous technology iteration and leveraging our integrated capacity.

[Foreign Language]

As a responsible global company, we continue to make progress in sustainable development. This excellent performance incorporates social responsibility. We received a high rating from Ecovadis, outperforming the mainstream PV companies. We are dedicated to providing clean, high-efficiency and reliable solar products and energy storage solutions to more and more countries and regions, making our contribution to global energy transition.

[Foreign Language]

Before turning over to Gener, I would like to go over our guidance for the fourth quarter and the full year of 2023. By the end of 2023, we expect mass-produced N-type cell efficiency to reach 25.8%. We are confident to exceed the four-year module shipment guidance of 70 to 75 gigawatts, with N-type module accounting for approximately 60% of total module shipments. We expect our annual production capacity for module wafers, solar cells, and solar modules to reach 85, 90, and 110 gigawatts respectively by the end of this year with N-type capacity accounting for over 75% of the total capacity. We expect the model shipments to be about 23 gigawatts for the fourth quarter of 2023. We are confident we will continue to lead the industry with our advanced technology and premium high-efficient products.

Gener Miao

Thank you, Ms. Li. Total solar shipment were 22.6 gigawatts in the third quarter, with module shipments accounting for 95%. As we continue to improve product quality and further develop our client service network, our brand influence continues to grow. By end of the third quarter, our all-time accumulative global solar module shipments exceeded 190 gigawatts, covering over 190 countries and regions. In response to market volatility, we flexible adjusted the geographic mix of our shipments during the quarter. The domestic market became the dominant area for our shipments accounting to around 40%.

Shipments to emerging markets remained stable sequentially while Asia Pacific and North America increased compared to the last quarter. We are particularly pleased that the shipments of high efficiency Tiger Neo modules exceeded 60% of total module shipment as Tiger Neo accelerated its market penetration, especially in China, Middle East, and North Africa and Asia Pacific. Thanks to higher efficiency and high added value to customers, Tiger Neo products still carry a sustainable -- substantial premium compared to similar P-type products and continue to outperform the industry average.

In terms of prices, lower upper stream costs have been reflected in module prices which decreased compared to the second quarter. As prices declined, some clients have slowed the pace of new orders and some of the existing orders were delayed. However, lower module prices leading to greater economic benefits also drove plenty of demand which filled the gap [because] (ph) caused by delayed orders. We adjusted prices and market strategy timely to cope with market shifts and have solicited real-time feedback from clients. Our order signing moves are steady as planned with our globalized sales network and the localized customer service infrastructure, we are committed to maximizing the value of products and services we provide to our clients.

Recently, we signed 3.6 gigawatt module supply agreement with N-type Tiger Neo with ACWA Power with industry-leading efficiency, reduced degradation and the temperature coefficient, enhanced bifacial factor, outstanding low light performance, and unparalleled yield per watt to reduce system lifetime energy cost. Tiger Neo delivers at least 3% of power generation gain to clients, particularly under the climate conditions of desert areas in the Middle East. The excellent temperature coefficients and bifacial factor will significantly raise power generation and the project IRR.

As industry chain prices declined and started to stabilize, large-scale utility projects accelerated the connection to the grid, and we expect a new installation record in China this year. Relatively high inventory in Europe is being gradually digested, and demand remains strong in US market under the Inflation Reduction Act. We are also optimistic about growing solar demand in Saudi Arabia and other Middle Eastern countries to support energy transition. With high demand certainty and the help of our high efficient product and services, we are confident that we will expand our market share.

With that, I will turn the call over to Pan.

Pan Li

Thank you, Gener. The significant growth in our module shipments, decrease in raw material cost, as well as our continuous cost control helped our key financial metrics including total revenue, gross margin, operating margin and net margin improve year-on-year. At the end of September, we declared a cash dividend of $1.5 per ADS, which is expected to be paid on or around December 6th this year. With the continuous expansion of our global industrial chain, market footprint and the power of our products, we are confident to maintain a healthy and sustainable profitability, meeting our commitment to shareholders.

Let me go into more details now. Total revenue was $4.36 billion, flat sequentially and up 63% year-over-year. Gross margin was 19.3% compared with 15.6% in the second quarter this year and 15.7% in the third quarter last year. The sequential and year-on-year increases were mainly due to the decrease in the cost of raw materials. Total operating expenses are accounted for 9.9% of total revenues, compared with 10.6% in the second quarter this year and 15.4% in the third quarter last year, improving year-over-year.

Income from operations was about $410 million compared with income from operations of $212 million in the second quarter this year and $8.8 million in the third quarter last year, improving both sequentially and year-over-year. Operating margin was 9.4% compared with 5% in the second quarter this year and 0.3% in the third quarter last year, improving sequentially and year-on-year.

Net income attributable to JinkoSolar Holdings’ ordinary shareholders was $181.4 million, flat sequentially and compared to $77.3 million in the third quarter last year, improving year-over-year. Excluding the impact of a change in fair value of the notes and long-term investments and share-based compensation expenses, the adjusted net income was $184.6 million, flat sequentially and up two times year-over-year.

Let's move into balance sheet. At the end of the third quarter, our cash and cash equivalents were $1.93 billion compared with $2.35 billion in the second quarter. AR turnover days were 87 days compared with 79 days in the second quarter of 2023. Inventory turnover days decreased to 67 days in the third quarter from 70 days in the second quarter this year. At the end of the third quarter, total debt was $4.23 billion compared to $4.73 billion in the second quarter this year. Net debt was $2.29 billion compared to $2.38 billion in the second quarter this year. Our debt structure is improving.

This concludes our prepared remarks. We are now happy to take your questions. Operator, please proceed.

Question-and-Answer Session

Operator

[Operator Instructions] Our first question today will come from Philip Shen of ROTH MKM. Please go ahead.

Philip Shen

Hi, everyone. Thanks for taking my questions. You guys had a pretty nice margin in Q3 despite the collapse in module prices. It seems like you've been able to match your cost structure with your module pricing. So I was wondering if you could give us your sense of how you expect module pricing to trend in Q4 and then also Q1. And then also in terms of margins, what do you expect? Similar margins in Q4 and Q1 versus Q3, or do you think there could be potential for even margin expansion in Q4 and Q1? Thanks.

Charlie Cao

Hey, Fred, this is Charlie. And we did very good in the first nine months, including the third quarter. And thanks to our strong order of visibility, and we almost finished this year's target, 70 to 75 gigawatts. And regarding the module price, the trend is in the downward trend. And we are expecting the ASP in Q4 is in a downward trend versus the third quarter. And because we have more exposures to Chinese market in the fourth quarter, we expect the gross margin is possibly slightly down quarter-over-quarter. And next year we believe the module price will be relatively stabilized. And regarding the -- it's very important for us to next year, we look up as quickly as possible the sales orders and we are in a good position. I think, we have the largest N-type in TOPCon capacities, and we have the most largest integrated capacities out of China for the US market. And we expect to have over 30% shipments to European market and the US market together. And we are aiming to over 85% shipment on TOPCon next year. So we are confident we can deliver relatively better performance compared to our peers next year.

Philip Shen

Got it, okay. So Q4 margin could be down slightly because of the China mix, and then Q1, perhaps you could have some expansion beyond, so growth or expansion of the margin in Q1 and Q2?

Charlie Cao

It's too early to say, but this year, our performance in the US market is not so good because the module was delayed, detained, and we expect next year everything is getting on the schedule and the margin contribution from the US market will be quite significant starting from next year.

Philip Shen

Great, okay. Thank you. You mentioned, Charlie, just now the US shipments. And so I was wondering, in Q3, was there a large benefit in margin from the healthy amount of US shipments because you've been able to be released from detention very quickly? And then also next year, I think in the past you were talking about 10 gigawatts of shipments for the US market in ‘24, but in your PowerPoint today, you highlighted 12-plus gigawatts by year-end ‘23 of integrated capacity. So do you think ‘24 could actually be closer to 12 gigawatts? And we can leave it there. Thank you.

Charlie Cao

Next year, yes, our target is over 10 gigawatts shipment in US market, and that's our best target. And the contribution -- earning contribution from US market in third quarter is not good because we shipped around 1.3 gigawatts, 1.4 gigawatts. But most of the modules were produced six to nine months ago, and it's a relatively high cost, including the storage cost. So back to your question and it's improving in a quarter by quarter. I believe from beginning of next year and the earning power from the US will be [indiscernible] for Jinko.

Philip Shen

Got it. So you were able to generate 19% margin in Q3 despite the high storage cost and the high...

Charlie Cao

Right, right, yes.

Philip Shen

That's very interesting. One last question, and I'll pass it on. Can you compare the pre-impairment margins in Q3 versus Q4 actuals? In other words, what is the like-to-like margin trajectory?

Charlie Cao

You mean the impairment margin or the margin including impairment?

Philip Shen

Right. The margin -- pre-impairment?

Charlie Cao

I know. I know. And we did have some impairment -- inventory impairment in second quarter by the end of the June. But we don't expect any additional or significant impairment for both third quarter and the fourth quarter. We don't expect and everything is ordered and we are in good position and we believe our price is pretty nice if you compare our ASP with the small market price, and we don't expect the inventory impairment.

Philip Shen

Great. Okay. Thank you for all the detail. I'll pass it on.

Charlie Cao

Thank you.

Operator

[Operator Instructions] Our next question today is from Brian Lee of Goldman Sachs. Please go ahead.

Unidentified Analyst

Hi, thanks for taking the questions. This is Grace on for Brian. I guess my first question, just to follow up to the ASP questions earlier, I just wonder if you can talk about the ASP trends by maybe end markets and by different geography? Just asking because we have heard that some of the markets, especially the DG market have seen really high channel inventory. So can you provide a bit more color on the ASP trends? Thank you. And I have a follow-up.

Gener Miao

Yeah, sure. Normally, we see a DG market is relatively ASP higher than utility. That's what people think. But at the current stage, we see a special situation in the US market especially, right? So the US market, because of many reasons, the digital market is more pressured than the utility market. That's what we have observed. I think personally we believe a very important reason is because of the, let's say, the supply side, right? So if the supply side is using a fully traceable, let's say, raw material, or they are just play the opportunity game on the spot market. So I guess that's one of the reasons why we see just oversupply in the US DG market in such short term. For the rest of the world, we believe that the DG market is relatively healthy, so we still see a strong DG market. Even, for example, in Europe, right now there are some pressures from the inventory side, but in the long term, we are still a big fan of European market no matter it's DG or utilities. So we believe that the pre-remarked speech we have is starting digesting, so it will take some time, but it will be there. That's what we believe.

Unidentified Analyst

Great. Thank you. And then my second question on your shipment guide, your 4Q shipment guide of 23 gigawatts, kind of implying a flattish quarter-over-quarter growth. But I think historically your 4Q is much higher than 3Q. Is this driven by the orders delay that you referenced on the prepared remarks or is there something else? And also, can you quantify how much of the delay was that and when do you expect those orders to come back? Thanks.

Gener Miao

Yeah, thank you. So we are relative -- provide a relative conservative numbers which is -- I think is the high end of our annual guidance to which will be around 75 gigawatts. Still, on the order book side, we have more than what we need, but we still have some supply bottleneck. That's one of the reasons why we continue to expand our capacity, try to fulfill all these commitments we are making. So overall, we are fully confident that we can beat our, let's say, guidance if needed. It depends on the supply side and the market trend. And your follow-up question is about if you're talking about next Q1 or next year's order book. Again, for this next year's total demand side, we are fully confident the market will go up by another 20%, even 25% compared with 2023. So in the key market, we still believe the high quality, high efficiency, N-type TOPCon product is still in some of the, let's say, some shortage. That's why we still have the confidence we will continue to build up our order book and extend our market share next year.

Unidentified Analyst

Okay, thank you. I’ll pass it on.

Gener Miao

Thank you.

Operator

[Operator Instructions] Our next question will come from [Rajiv Chaudhri] (ph) of Intrinsic Edge Capital Management. Please go ahead.

Unidentified Analyst

Good morning and congratulations on a very strong quarter in what was a very difficult environment for the industry. I have a few questions. I want to start by asking if there were any charges -- inventory related charges in the gross margin number in the third quarter.

Pan Li

Hello, Rajiv. The answer is no.

Unidentified Analyst

Okay. And were there any charges in the selling and marketing or general and administrative expenses that were one-time expenses?

Charlie Cao

Excuse me, can you repeat that again?

Unidentified Analyst

Yeah. Were there any one-time charges in the SG&A line items?

Charlie Cao

We did have some, roughly, I think maybe $20 million, $25 million one-off pool for some previous litigation regarding one of the module contracts a long time ago. So it's one time. I think it's in the other operating expenses not in the G&A expenses but we did have some -- this $20 million one-off charge.

Unidentified Analyst

Okay and going back to the gross margin, I'm trying to understand what your cost of polysilicon was for the quarter. And the number I'm coming up with is around $16 on average, $16 per kilo on average, [Technical Difficulty] between Chinese polysilicon and the US polysilicon. Is that a fair estimate?

Charlie Cao

Rajiv, we don't discuss the number, but you can look at the index and the China poly roughly, I think in the range of RMB60 per kg to RMB90 per kg. But the polysilicon out of China is kind of, I think, [2 or 5 times] (ph) compared to China. It's different, the price, makes sense.

Unidentified Analyst

Yeah, actually, DQ Energy just reported their ASP for the quarter was actually $7.60. So that is actually closer to RMB50 per kg.

Charlie Cao

Yes, you're right. You know, there's a public index, right, for the poly and the calculations. But think about, we have the -- inventory turnover days is roughly 60 to 80 days. We have production lead times, right? You need to think about the time difference and to do the calculations. But you can do the calculation based on the train, but the detail, the numbers, I think we have the supply chain advantage compared to market price. But we have different mix and for the US market, which is the market out of US, the poly price is different.

Unidentified Analyst

So, Charlie, is it fair to say that because you have 60 to 80 days of inventory, that your poly prices are always lagging the spot market by 60 to 80 days?

Charlie Cao

Yeah, you can do the estimation based on that.

Unidentified Analyst

Okay, my other question is about competition. At the prices where modules are right now, what percentage of the industry players between Tier 2 and Tier 3 do you think are losing money right now? And what percentage of these companies are cutting back on their production because they are below their -- the pricing is below their cash cost?

Charlie Cao

For the -- we have seen this situation in recent, I think, months is for different utilization rates for different players in the industries. For Tier 1 integrated companies, like Jinko, we have order visibilities, very good mix for the N-type versus P-type. And we have good management cost. So for some orders with relatively low price, we are able to continue to deliver, I think, the reasonable margin of growth per [indiscernible]. But for the Tier 2, Tier 3 players, even some, let's say they are not integrated, they are not international companies, they are reducing their utilization rate. So it's going to be different. It's going to be different situation for different companies. I think the Tier 1 top -- top tier company will take the advantage to get more market shares.

Unidentified Analyst

Right, right. Do you see that happening already, that Tier 3 companies are cutting back their production right now?

Charlie Cao

Yeah, they are doing the utilization for Tier 2, Tier 3. They are -- lower their utilization rate.

Unidentified Analyst

So it is reasonable to think that your ASPs are going to be much higher than the spot market prices because you are selling into the utility market which is more contract driven and a lot of the spot prices that Tier 3 companies are selling into really are fire sales.

Charlie Cao

It's fair to say that, but different companies have different mix to different countries and different mix to the DG-based utilities and different product mix. So I think for Jinko, we are confident and we are combined together. Our module price is relatively higher than the market price. It's not market price, it's small price you see, you saw from the public website.

Unidentified Analyst

Charlie, can you also talk about what was the level of depreciation in the third quarter and the EBITDA for the third quarter?

Charlie Cao

Actually, we have disclosed the EBITDA. So including the details breakdown, and you can look at the [Technical Difficulty] and we have detailed numbers, it's roughly $600 million. You can look at details including the calculation.

Unidentified Analyst

I see, okay, sorry, I have not had a chance to look at that. Can you also talk about what percentage of the market, not Jinko, but the market this year will be TOPCon and what the percentage will be next year in terms of how much TOPCon will be produced by the other companies?

Charlie Cao

This is the first year for N-type TOPCon to penetrate the market. And we think that the overall market size is 20%, 25% this year. We deliver 60%. And next year, it's possible N-type will achieve 60%, 70%. We are able to achieve, I think, over 85%.

Unidentified Analyst

So if the market this year is over 400 gigawatts, you're saying that TOPCon this year is over 100 gigawatts?

Charlie Cao

Let me take it as the last follow up. So roughly we estimate the total industry output, the TOPCon in this year will be somewhere around 100 to 110 gigawatts. And so across which, Jinko will contribute around 70 gigawatt-ish. So next year the number definitely will be more than doubled for the total industries, we're expecting somewhere around 400 gigawatts. But definitely Jinko will take a main part of it, but definitely not as big as this year.

Unidentified Analyst

Right. Okay. Okay. And finally…

Charlie Cao

Thank you.

Unidentified Analyst

Finally, one last question on the interest-bearing debt. You made a point that the interest-bearing debt came down in the third quarter. Is that something that we should expect will continue in Q4 and Q1?

Pan Li

Yeah, we are gradually decreasing the debt because our earnings increased gradually. Yeah.

Charlie Cao

The operating cash flow for Asia company we generated, I think [indiscernible] this year. For the first nine months, it's around RMB11 billion operating cash flows. That's significant improvement. So for the leverage, the total debts, we're expecting to continue to, let's say, decrease several steps.

Unidentified Analyst

Great, thank you and congratulations again.

Operator

[Operator Instructions] Our next question today will come from Alan Lau of Jefferies. Please go ahead.

Alan Lau

Thank you. So first of all, congratulations to the company and the very impressive results in 3Q and despite other peers actually having declining profits quarter-over-quarter. So some of the questions on the details as to whether how is the US shipment situation, so how much has the company shipped to the US and what is the view on 4Q shipment to the US and has the custom inspection improved et cetera? Thanks.

Charlie Cao

Yeah, we just talked about the earning contribution from the US for Jinko in third quarter. And we have smooth [indiscernible] let's say, with CBP starting from July. And Q4, we deliver roughly 1.3, 1.4 gigawatts and we are expecting stable shipments Q4 versus Q3. And because a lot of inventory was detained in the first half year, so we shift a relatively high volume in third quarter. Fourth quarter, our production returned to normal standards and we shipped around similar numbers. But contributions -- earning contributions quarter by quarter improved. Third quarter, the contribution is not so big because of the inventory was produced six or nine months ago. The cost, storage cost, production cost is relatively higher. But next year we are expecting with some earnings from US shipments.

Alan Lau

And so what you mean is because you have locked in the module price through the contract and then as the input price is now declining, so you expect US market will actually be improving a lot from Jinko’s perspective, right?

Charlie Cao

Yeah, it's -- if you look at the market, the market -- module is high, right? Because it was only can be supplied from the capacity out of China. There is a UFLPA issues for the industry in the last 12 months. And for Jinko specifically, because our inventory was produced long time ago and we get the process very smooth and starting from July and the relatively old inventory, the cost is very higher. So earning gross margin contribution is small for third quarter but going forward we expect the earning contribution will be improved very quickly quarter by quarter. And next year, Q1 will be in a very good position.

Alan Lau

Understood. And I think that is a very positive point that a lot of investors have not fully appreciated this. Thanks a lot for the clarity on this. And then my next question is, so everyone has been talking about the inventory in Europe. So how do we see it and around how many days or months of inventory we have in Europe?

Charlie Cao

Yeah, so approximately in Europe market -- that's our main DG-based market. So in that kind of segment, in my opinion, that's normally around two months of the local inventory plus the logistic time, maybe one month to 1.5 months should be reasonable. So total together, if you're taking from the manufacturer point of view, on average it should take us 3 to 3.5 months of the volumes. That's the, let's say, normal or let's say the standard inventories across everyone. If you look into the seller's point or distributor's point, that's normally around approximately two months of the inventory.

Alan Lau

Understood. So you think the current level is actually at two months and it is actually normal, right?

Charlie Cao

No, no, no. I'm saying for a DG-based distributor generated driven market, that's the market standard let's say, right? At the current status, especially you mentioned in Europe, I think you know that because of the price is falling, so the end customer is having the hesitation to wait until the market price coming to the lower level. So that slows down the, let’s say, the sales volume at the end customer side. That's the reason why from the channel’s or the inventory's point of view, the inventory is higher than the normal situation. However, in my opinion, the end customer, the end market, and demand is still there, but it just creates some hesitation. But I believe it takes maybe one, two more months' time to observe, digest all the inventories across the whole channel, but the demand is still robust in Europe.

Alan Lau

Understood. So could you share your view on the utility side of things in Europe? Because I think people have been focusing a lot on DG market in Europe. And actually inventory is mostly related to DG but how about utility market in Europe?

Charlie Cao

In utility segment, not only in Europe, but across the whole globe there's barely any inventories, a real inventory right So most of the inventory under the utility segment is more built [indiscernible] deliver outside, but it's not a free inventory you can redirect to sell to others, right? So that's why even accounting basis, it is defined as inventory, but from a sales point of view, it is not available to sell, right? It's just the way to do the right timing or it's on the way to the destinations, right? That's why not only Europe, but across the whole world, that's more or less the situation in utility. Even if there's some inventory on the accounting basis, it should not be risky too much.

Alan Lau

Yeah, I see your point. I think the -- we'd like to know how is the demand in utility side of things like in US or in Europe as well because will the decline in module prices stimulate more installation in the utility side? And how does that compensate with the interest?

Charlie Cao

Yeah, so firstly, the demand side, definitely we see there's some more attractions for the end customer to continue to develop more solar projects in utility segment because IRR is becoming more and more attractive. The yield is higher and higher. However, it's a cycle, right? So when you develop a project, it doesn't happen at day one. It takes 12 months, 18 months, sometimes even 24 months, even more to have all this -- to finish the whole development cycle, even early financing to close the financing part to be ready to place orders to the module side. So it takes pretty long cycle. So my simple answer is yes, we see a very promising future, both US and Europe, but it takes some time to have all those pipelines released to become a real order for the manufacturer like Jinko. And secondly for -- your question is regarding, sorry, I forgot your second question.

Alan Lau

Yeah, how does that compensate the increase in interest rate? Because in some of the earnings calls in the US, because banks like JPMorgan and Bank of America are saying that the increase in interest rate and also...

Charlie Cao

The interest rate, I randomly check with some customers, I won't say that's 100%, but I check some key clients of us and most of them, their feedback is positive. So because for the existing projects, even if their financial is closed, so normally they secure a fixed interest rate across the whole life cycle of their projects, investment cycles. So for them it's safe. And even with the module price coming down and they have more returns for their investments or the interest rate doesn't hurt that part. And for the ongoing projects, because the interest rate is higher, and most of the clients can pass the majority of the interest rate, higher interest rate cost to the end customers, to the PPA customers who can sign a more attractive PPA price than before. But definitely that won't be 100%, but that's my -- I share that point from the customer feedback.

Alan Lau

Thank you. That's definitely part of the -- some of the cases may happen. Thank you. So I think, yeah, my final question will be in relation to what is your view on -- what is the progress of your US expansion capacity and what is your view as of now as to the chance of capping the IRA subsidies because there has been quite a lot of market chatters as to there are some [lobbying] (ph) happening in Washington, et cetera, to target against Chinese players. So we'd like to know, do you have an update on those?

Charlie Cao

No, we don't have a clear -- we are waiting for this detailed guidance -- official detailed guidance release as well. So I think it's still not finalized yet. So we are waiting for that as well. But for the US market, we believe that's a very promising market. We're still holding our bullish positions on that. And we are trying to do whatever we can to serve the US market. But we will take more actions once all those details get released.

Alan Lau

So your plan will complete by the end of this year, right?

Charlie Cao

We will see. We will see. But the previous plans stick to what we have. And if your question is regarding whether we have new plans, we have to wait until the detailed guidance releases.

Alan Lau

Okay. So your plant in Jacksonville, your 1 gigawatt plant, will be completed on time, right?

Charlie Cao

Yes. [indiscernible]. Yes, yes.

Alan Lau

Okay, thank you. Thanks a lot.

Operator

At this time, we will conclude our question-and-answer session. For any additional questions, please contact ir@jinkosolar.com. The conference has now concluded. We thank you for attending today's presentation and you may now disconnect your lines.